Euro 15M programme to disseminate icipe technologies

26.08.2015 – icipe and partners, have launched a Euro 15 million programme, to support the adoption of the Centre’s technologies and strategies for improved cereal, horticulture and livestock productivity by an estimated 350,000 additional farmers and pastoralists in Kenya, Ethiopia and Tanzania.

Titled, Integrated Biological Control Applied Research Program (IBCARP), the initiative will be funded by the European Union (EU) through a Euro 12 million grant, with additional funds from icipe’s core funds and other sources. IBCARP was inaugurated during an inception meeting held recently at icipe, attended by over 40 technical experts of cereal, horticulture and livestock farming and value chains from all across the globe.

“In Africa’s predominantly mixed crop-livestock farming systems, cereals are the main staple food and cash crop for millions of households. In addition, the production of fruit and vegetables offers one of the most important opportunities for income generation, employment creation and improvement in food and nutritional security. Livestock provide a valuable source of nutrition as well as opportunities for income generation. However, productivity of cereal, horticulture and livestock in the region is low, resulting in food insecurity and poor livelihoods. Therefore, addressing the constraints of these three sets of produce is critical for food security, economic growth and poverty alleviation in Africa,” observed Mr Steve Wathome, Programme Manager, Agriculture and Rural Development, EU Delegation to Kenya, during the inception meeting.

icipe Director General, Dr Segenet Kelemu, noted: “IBCARP will be implemented through four projects, which are focussed on: the Centre’s climate-resilient push-pull technology for the control of weeds and pests; fruit fly integrated pest management (IPM) technologies; the tsetse fly repellent collar technology and research towards the control of vectors of camel diseases.”

Push-pull is a platform technology developed over the past 20 years by icipe in collaboration with Rothamsted Research, United Kingdom, and partners in eastern Africa. This simple cropping strategy simultaneously addresses the five key constraints of cereal–livestock mixed production systems in SSA – insect pests (stemborers), the parasitic weed Striga (and other weeds), poor soil fertility, soil moisture management, while also fulfilling the need for high quality animal feed. Over the past four years,icipe and its partners have developed a climate-smart version of push-pull to extend its application to drier areas of the continent, and in relation to the increasingly dry and hot conditions associated with climate change.

“Through IBCARP, icipe will address the key limitations to scaling up the climate-smart push-pull, and also continue to adapt it to the key agro-climatic conditions and farmer practices. In effect, the Centre will move closer to achieving its goal of making the technology accessible to millions of smallholder farmers living in the drier regions of Africa,” explains Prof. Zeyaur Khan, Leader of the push-pull project.

The icipe fruit fly IPM packages are aimed at reducing yield losses and the huge expenditure incurred by farmers to purchase pesticides, in trying to deal with the plethora of these devastating pests. They are also intended to mitigate the health and environmental risks associated with the use (and misuse) of such chemicals. Overall, icipe’sgoal is to increase the competitiveness of fruit from SSA in local and international markets, and to elevate the income and livelihoods of people involved in the value chain, especially women and the youth.

“Although fruit flies attack a variety of fruit, IBCARP’s focus will be on mango production, based on its importance to smallholder farmers. icipe’s aim is to make the IPM packages accessible to over 10,000 smallholder mango growers, while also strengthening the capacity of national and private sectors partners to continuously monitor and detect alien pest fruit flies, to reduce the risk of their entry, establishment and spread in SSA. Additionally, the Centre will conduct new research to expand its IPM packages, with the aim that the new strategies, though initially intended for mango, could also be used for the management of fruit flies on other crops,” indicates Dr Sunday Ekesi, Leader of the icipe African Fruit Fly Project.

The icipe tsetse fly repellent collar technology is a critical component in the sustainable control of the tsetse transmitted trypanosomiasis (nagana) parasite, which causes a fatal disease that kills millions of cows every year. The collars contain a blend of chemicals identified from water buck, an animal that is present in tsetse fly infested areas, but which is not fed on by the flies. Worn around the neck of cattle, the repellent collars provide substantial protection to cattle.

“In pilot sites, for instance in Kwale County along the Kenyan coast, the tsetse repellent collars have been shown to have a significant impact on the livelihoods of farmers. They have reduced the rate of nagana by more than 80%, meaning that the cows are generally healthier, therefore producing more milk and meat, and draught power to cultivate land. As a result of their effectiveness, the demand for the collars is very high among farmers,” explains Rajinder Saini, of icipe’s Animal Health Theme.

He adds that through IBCARP, icipe will collaborate with private sector partners to scale-up the mass production and rollout of the tsetse repellent collar technology, backed by a viable business plan for its commercialisation, packaging and wider dissemination. The first step will be to secure the registration of the technology in IBCARP’s three target countries: Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania. icipe will rely on the support of government and commercial partners to achieve this goal. The Centre will also integrate the use of the technology with other approaches, and in the development of effective barriers to stop flies from reinvading tsetse controlled areas. In addition, the repellent collars technology will be evaluated for use in the control of vectors of human African trypanosomiasis (known more commonly as sleeping sickness).

icipe will use the experience and knowledge gained through the development of technologies for the control of savannah tsetse flies – which, in addition to the repellent collars, also include traps and odour baits – to initiate new research for the control of camel disease vectors in arid and semi-arid lands of SSA. Specifically, the focus will be on surra, a parasitic disease of camels and other mammals caused by trypanosomes, transmitted by biting flies.

“Currently, there is limited understanding of the actual vectors involved in surra transmission and no vector control technologies are available. In addition, there is poor diagnosis of the disease, as well as increasing resistance to drugs,” Dr Saini notes.

Stakeholders attending the IBCARP inception meeting commended the programme, noting one of its key strengths to be the harmony with agricultural policies of the countries in which it is being implemented.

“Most national agricultural agendas position increased productivity of staple cereals, horticulture and livestock as central to equitable rural development and poverty reduction. In Kenya, for instance, Vision 2030, the country’s current development programme, is very specific on this connection,” commented the Director of Veterinary Services in Kenya, Dr Kisa Juma Ngeiywa.

The Hon Joanne Nyamasyo, the Minister of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Kwale County, added: “IBCARP’s actions and projected outcomes are supported by evidence. In Kwale County, for instance, we have witnessed the dramatic changes among farmers using the tsetse repellent collars. It is therefore welcome news that such technologies will reach more farmers, in existing project sites and beyond.”

As further observed by Dr Agol Kwai, Animal Health Expert in the Intergovernmental Authority on Development, Centre for Pastoral Areas and Livestock Development,icipe’s intervention on camel surra disease is particularly significant in countries where the animal is economically important. This is because research on the disease has so far been neglected, leading to severe problems in its management. As a result, in many cases, the animals are simply allowed to die when they become infected with surra.

“The four icipe projects bring together a comprehensive package that integrates weed, pest and soil fertility management in cereal and horticultural crops, livestock fodder production, and animal health, while ensuring environmental sustainability. This makes IBCARP well aligned with the EU thematic programme on food security,” concluded Mr Wathome.

For further information contact: The Director General, icipe, Tel: + 254 20 8632000, Email: icipe@icipe.org

Notes for Editors

In sub Saharan Africa, cereal production is severely hindered by insect pests (including stemborers) and the parasitic weed, Striga. Together, insects pests and Striga cause up to 100% yield losses, and financial losses of between US$7 and 11 billion annually, affecting the livelihoods of more than 250 million people. In addition, SSA’s soils are generally poor, with over 65% of arable land being degraded. The impacts of climate change are expected to make these factors worse, restricting cereal production even further.

The production of horticultural crops is limited by a plethora of native and invasive pests, which, in addition to major yield losses, also reduce the marketability of produce in local and international markets, since some of them are subject to strict quarantine rules. The synthetic pests used by farmers in an attempt to control horticultural pests often exceed the maximum residue level (MRL) legislation set by the European Union for pesticides on imported fruit and vegetables, leading to the rejection of such products from Africa. The cost to the continent as a result of horticultural pests is huge. For example, aside from damaging 30 – 70% of fruit, fruit flies cost the continent an estimated US$2 billion annually in terms of missed market opportunities.

A major hindrance to livestock production in Africa is disease vectors that include tsetse flies, which transmit the deadly African animal trypanosomosis (nagana). Tsetse flies are unique to Africa, occurring in 36 countries where they affect about 260 million people in pastoral and agro-pastoral communities. Estimates by international organisations put monetary losses from tsetse, which include an approximate three million cattle deaths, at over half a billion dollars annually.

Tsetse flies also transmit camel trypanosomiasis, known as surra, a neglected disease that is estimated to affect 25% to 30% of all camels in SSA. Conservative estimates indicate that about US$23.8 million is spent annually on treatment drugs for surra. Combined with camel fatalities from the disease, direct losses due to surra are at around US$126 million annually.

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